Parents' Sleep Multi-Trajectory Modelling from 3 to 36 Months Postpartum in the SEPAGES Cohort.

Objective: We investigated maternal and paternal sleep evolution from 3 to 36 months postpartum, their interrelations and predictors in the SEPAGES cohort. Methods: Sleep information (night sleep duration [NSD], weekend daytime sleep duration [DSD] and subjective sleep loss [SSL]) was collected by self-administered questionnaires at 3, 18, 24 and 36 months postpartum in the SEPAGES French cohort that included 484 mothers and 410 fathers. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used to identify maternal, paternal and couple sleep multi-trajectory groups among 188 couples reporting sleep data for at least 2 time points. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between parental sleep multi-trajectories and early characteristics such as sociodemographic, chronotypes, child sex, birth seasonality or breastfeeding duration. Results: We identified three maternal (M1-M3), paternal (F1-F3) and couple (C1-C3) sleep multi-trajectory groups with similar characteristics: a group with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (M1, F2, C2), a group with long NSD but medium SSL prevalence (M2, F3, C3) and a group with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (M3, F1, C1). Mothers with the shortest NSD (M1) were less likely to have a partner with long NSD (F2). As compared with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (C1), couples with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (C2) were less likely to have had a first child born in the autumn and fathers in C2 had a later chronotype. Conclusion: We identified distinct sleep multi-trajectory groups for mothers, fathers and couples from 3- to 36-month postpartum. Sleep patterns within couples were homogeneous.

In Vitro Head-to-Head Comparison of Flow Reduction between Fibered and Non-Fibered Pushable Coils.

PURPOSE: To compare the embolization effects of a non-fibered pushable coil with a conventional fibered pushable coil in an in vitro bench-top experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simplified vascular phantom with 4 channels (1 for the non-fibered coil, 1 for the fibered coil, and 2 for continuous circuit flow) was used. A single coil of the longest length was inserted to evaluate the effect of single-coil embolization, and 3 consecutive coils were inserted to assess the effect of multiple-coil embolization. Post-embolization angiography was performed to obtain flow variables (time to peak [TTP], relative peak intensity [rPI], and angiographic flow reduction score [AFRS]) from time density curves. The packing densities of the two coil types were calculated, and the AFRS of each channel was determined by dividing the TTP by the rPI. RESULTS: When inserting a single coil, the conventional fibered coil demonstrated better flow reduction, as indicated by a higher AFRS (25.6 vs. 17.4, P=0.034). However, the non-fibered coil exhibited a significantly higher packing density (12.9 vs. 2.4, P=0.001). Similar trends were observed with multiple coils. CONCLUSION: The conventional fibered pushable coil showed better flow reduction efficiency, while the non-fibered pushable coil had a higher packing density, likely due to the flexibility of the coil loops. A better understanding of the distinct characteristics of different pushable coils can enhance the outcomes of various vascular embolization.

Longitudinal sleep multi-trajectories from age 1 to 5.5 years and their early correlates: results from the Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance birth cohort study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To identify sleep multi-trajectories in children from age 1 to 5.5 years and their early correlates. METHODS: We collected early family, maternal, and child characteristics, including children's nighttime sleep duration (NSD) and daytime sleep duration (DSD), night waking (NW), and sleep-onset difficulties (SOD), by parental phone interviews at age 2 months and 1-, 2-, 3.5-, and 5.5 years. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified sleep multi-trajectory groups. Multinomial logistic regression assessed associations with early factors. RESULTS: We identified five distinct sleep multi-trajectory groups for NSD, DSD, NW, and SOD in 9273 included children. The "Good sleepers" (31.6%) and "Long sleepers" (31.0%) groups had low NW and SOD prevalence and shorter NSD but longer DSD in "Good sleepers" than in "Long sleepers." The "Good sleepers but few SOD" group (10.3%) had long NSD and DSD but a SOD peak at age 3.5 years; the "Improving NW and SOD" group (9.6%) showed short but rapidly increasing NSD to a plateau and high but decreasing NW and SOD; the "Persistent NW and SOD" group (17.5%) had persistent high NW and SOD. Maternal depression during pregnancy and sleep habits at age 1 (e.g. parental presence or feeding to fall asleep, sleeping at least part of the night away from own bed) were common risk factors associated with the most disordered sleep multi-trajectory groups. CONCLUSIONS: We identified distinct sleep multi-trajectory groups and early life-associated factors in preschoolers. Most of the factors associated with the most sleep-disordered multi-trajectory groups are likely modifiable and provide clues for early prevention interventions.

NbTe4 Phase-Change Material: Breaking the Phase-Change Temperature Balance in 2D Van der Waals Transition-Metal Binary Chalcogenide.

2D van der Waals (vdW) transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention in the nonvolatile memory field for their tunable electrical properties, scalability, and potential for phase engineering. However, their complex switching mechanism and complicated fabrication methods pose challenges for mass production. Sputtering is a promising technique for large-area 2D vdW TMD fabrication, but the high melting point (typically Tm > 1000 °C) of TMDs requires elevated temperatures for good crystallinity. This study focuses on the low-Tm 2D vdW TM tetra-chalcogenides and identifies NbTe4 as a promising candidate with an ultra-low Tm of around 447 °C (onset temperature). As-grown NbTe4 forms an amorphous phase upon deposition that can be crystallized by annealing at temperatures above 272 °C. The simultaneous presence of a low Tm and a high crystallization temperature Tc can resolve important issues facing current phase-change memory compounds, such as high Reset energies and poor thermal stability of the amorphous phase. Therefore, NbTe4 holds great promise as a potential solution to these issues.

SR-5, the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula: An evaluation of antiulcerogenic effects on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in mice.

PURPOSE: Previously, we demonstrated that the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula (SR-5) exhibits hepatoprotective properties against ethanol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is a major etiological factor involved in gastric disease and ulcer development induced by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. METHODS: The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of SR-5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) against hydrochloride acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH)-induced and indomethacin/hydrochloride acid (INDO/HCl)-induced gastritis in a mouse model and the mechanisms involved. RESULTS: All the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer model mice. Similarly, all the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the INDO/HCl-induced ulcer model mice. Furthermore, mice pretreated with SR-5 had significantly increased gastric levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), with concomitant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with those in the HCl/EtOH or INDO/HCl group. SR-5 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to their normal values. CONCLUSION: These findings are the first to demonstrate the powerful protective effect of SR-5 against gastric injury development and provide hope for clinical application.

Correlation between the Perfusion Index and Intraoperative Hypothermia: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study.

Background and Objectives: We examined the association between the baseline perfusion index (PI) and changes in intraoperative body temperature during general anesthesia. The PI reflects the peripheral perfusion state. The PI may be associated with changes in body temperature during general anesthesia because the degree of redistribution of body heat from the central to the peripheral compartment varies depending on the peripheral perfusion state. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients who underwent brain surgery were enrolled in this study. The baseline PI and body temperature of the patients were measured on entering the operating room. Body temperature was recorded every 15 min after induction of anesthesia using an esophageal temperature probe. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for intraoperative hypothermia. Results: Eighteen patients (47 %) developed hypothermia intraoperatively. The baseline PI was significantly lower among patients in the hypothermia group (1.8 ± 0.7) than among those in the normothermia group (3.0 ± 1.2) (P < 0.001). The baseline PI and body temperature were independently associated with intraoperative hypothermia (PI: odds ratio [OR], 0.270; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.105-0.697; P = 0.007, baseline body temperature: OR, 0.061; 95% CI, 0.005-0.743; P = 0.028). Conclusions: This study showed that low baseline PI was the factor most related to the development of intraoperative hypothermia. Future studies should consider the PI as a predictor of intraoperative hypothermia.

Accuracy of noninvasive continuous arterial pressure monitoring using ClearSight during one-lung ventilation.

ABSTRACT: Noninvasive continuous arterial pressure monitoring may be clinically useful in patients who require continuous blood pressure monitoring in situations where arterial catheter placement is limited. Many previous studies on the accuracy of the noninvasive continuous blood pressure monitoring method reported various results. However, there is no research on the effectiveness of noninvasive arterial pressure monitoring during one-lung ventilation. The purpose of this study was to compare arterial blood pressure obtained through invasive method and noninvasive method by using ClearSight during one-lung ventilation.In this retrospective observational study, a total of 26 patients undergoing one-lung ventilation for thoracic surgery at a single institution between March and July 2019 were recruited. All patients in this study were cannulated on their radial artery to measure continuously invasive blood pressures and applied ClearSight on the ipsilateral side of the cannulated arm. We compared and analyzed the agreement and trendability of blood pressure recorded with invasive and noninvasive methods during one-lung ventilation.Blood pressure and pulse rate showed a narrower limit of agreement with a percentage error value of around 30%. In addition, the tracking ability of each measurement could be determined by the concordance rate, all of which were below acceptable limits (92%).In noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitoring using ClearSight, mean blood pressure and pulse rate show acceptable agreement with the invasive method.

Analysis of the Active Constituents and Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Quercus acuta Thunb. (Fagaceae) Extracts.

We evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of hexnane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of the Quercus acuta leaf. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and total phenolic content. Antibacterial activity was assessed against general infectious pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates. The methanolic extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content, while the reducing power was the highest in the water extract. The ethyl acetate extract showed the best antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Additionally, it displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC1928, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1925, Escherichia coli KCTC 1923, and eight MRSA strains. These results present basic information for the possible uses of the ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts from Q. acuta leaf in the treatment of diseases that are caused by oxidative imbalance and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Six active compounds, including vitamin E, which are known to possess antioxidant and antibacterial activity, were identified from the extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the chemical profiling and antibacterial effects of the various QA leaf extracts, suggesting their potential use in food therapy or alternative medicine.